![]() There are many different hypotheses as to the exact adaptive function of female copulatory calls in primates and research on the subject is still in its early stages. Calling signals sexual receptivity of the female and therefore affects mate choice. Adaptive function Ĭopulatory calls in primates serve an adaptive function and are sexually selected. This is linked to the amount of promiscuity exhibited, in a way that more promiscuous species emit more faceted calls in order to convey more information about themselves and hence render self-advertisement more efficient. Accordingly, some species produce calls that are structurally more complex than that of others. The quality and structure of copulatory calls are analyzed by comparing their respective spectrograms in terms of their frequency. Īnother aspect of coital vocalization that varies according to species is the form of the call: in macaques and baboons they manifest themselves as grunts, whereas other species such as talapoins and chimpanzees typically emit screaming sounds. The typical quantity of specimen that are tested in experimental settings is often too low in order to allow any general conclusions about the species as a whole. There is little consensus on what causes these inter-specific differences, given the lack of consistent findings within the literature. ![]() ![]() In contrast, the percentage for chimpanzees and Tonkean macaques has been found to be 78.8% and 6%, respectively. In long-tail macaques, for instance, 80% of copulations are followed by copulation calls. The percentage of vocalizations after copulation varies dependent on the non-human primate species studied. In non-human primates, copulatory vocalizations begin towards the end of the copulatory act or even after copulation. Sonograms of female copulatory vocalizations of a human female (top), female baboon (middle), and female gibbon (bottom), with time being plotted on the x-axis and the pitch being represented on the y-axis. Vocalizations can be used intentionally by women in order to boost the self-esteem of their partner and to cause quicker ejaculation. In humans, coital vocalizations are linked to orgasm, hence occurring during copulation and serving as an expression of sexual pleasure. This is done to incite male mate competition. Conversely, calls may also be used in order to attract high ranking mates who can prevent intercourse with the initial partner. One of the main purposes of females vocalizing is the induction of mate guarding behavior in males. Calls vary in frequency (14 Hz to 70,000 Hz ) and function. In non-primates, copulatory calling predominantly occurs before copulation in order to attract mates ( mating call). It is agreed that coital vocalizations fulfill an evolutionary purpose and that they serve as adaptive solutions to problems that the females face, such as infanticide, as well as obtaining high quality sperm. In primates, copulation calling is typically observed at the end of mating and there are vast variations between species regarding its occurrence, frequency and form. ![]() Vocalizations that occur before intercourse, for the purpose of attracting mates, are known as mating calls. Copulatory vocalizations usually occur during copulation and are hence related to sexual activity. Female copulatory vocalizations, also called female copulation calls or coital vocalizations, are produced by female primates, including human females, and female non-primates.
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